Abstract
Although responsible for adapting society to climate change, most municipalities in Norway lack systems for monitoring and evaluating their climate change adaptation (CCA) efforts, which may hamper improvements to and effective CCA. The article assesses adaptation progress in municipalities in Western Norway by developing and applying a first-step co-produced framework for monitoring CCA in land-use planning. The framework was developed throughout two workshops between us (the researchers) and planners, showing how acute and slow climate risks are responded to following the logic of municipal land-use policy: assessment, regulation, and implementation. The framework was tested on a collection of municipal land-use plans, policy documents, and risk and vulnerability assessments related to climate risks. Semi-structured interviews with the participating planners supported the document analysis. The results were evaluated in meetings between us and municipal stakeholders. The authors found that while all municipalities assessed climate risks, there were large differences in the extent to which municipalities implement regulations and especially physical measures to mitigate these risks. They conclude that collaboratively examining how CCA could be monitored ensures that the co-produced framework is meaningful for the end user and can serve as a starting point for more comprehensive CCA monitoring and evaluation.