Scaling in distribution pipes for secondary alumina is a major issue in aluminium smelters. The scale is formed inside the distribution pipes, and gradually reduces the cross section that is available for alumina transport. The scale cannot be removed without dismantling the transport pipes and usin...

One of the major downsides of the current aluminium production process is the high CO₂ emission. One alternative is to replace the consumable carbon anodes with inert anodes so that oxygen evolves instead of CO₂. Also PFC emissions will be eliminated by using inert anodes. However, so far a sufficie...