Operation of an EV parking lot subject to capacity-based grid tariffs offering demand response
Challenge and objective
Smart Control of EV parking lot in office buildings enable flexible potential that can be used for internal management, and external services.
Goal of this work is to analyze the flexible potential of EV charging for cost minimization, considering:
Monthly demand charge grid tariff.
External services by DSO in terms of reducing EV charging, which is requested shortly before activation.
Work performed
The work created an optimization problem of a flexible EV parking lot connected to an office building, considering spot-prices and demand charge.
Stochastic dual-dynamic programming (SDDP) was used to capture the long-term implications of demand charge.
A receding horizon framework was created to operate the EV parking lot together with the SDDP-framework, which also enabled DSO requests to be given during operation.
Significant results
Results showed that when operating, the notice time of the DSO request prior to activation played a huge role.
Short notice time lead to unmet EV charging, due to lack of flexibility to shift charging later in the day.
Master thesis also investigated value of flexibility from DSO request, showing that high curtailment often impacted demand charge cost, while low curtailment only impacted spot-price variations.
Impact for distribution system innovation
This work showcases the importance of considering internal limitations when offering flexibility externally, especially on notice time prior to activation.
Cost curve depicting the cost of offering flexibility was created, which can be used by DSOs to consider cost-optimal dispatch of flexibility.
