Abstract
In this chapter, we present a new model for optimal strategic and tactical planning of the bioenergy supply chain under uncertainty. We discuss specific challenges, characteristics and issues related to this type of model. The technological details, variability in supply and demand, and uncertainty in virtually all aspects of the supply chain require advanced modeling techniques. Our model provides a broad modeling approach that addresses the entire supply chain using an integrated perspective. The broad applicability of the approach is illustrated by the two cases discussed at the end of the chapter. The first case presents a forest to bioenergy supply chain in a region of the Norwegian west coast. The second case presents the miscanthus supply chain to a transformation plant in Burgundy, France and takes into consideration uncertain final demand.