Participants
The SINTEF Offshore Blowout Database was released as an Internet database in 2009, and no local installation is required.
The database is designed for Microsoft Internet Explorer, but it may also function for the other Internet access software.
ExproSoft has been contracted to operate the Offshore Blowout Database from 1 May 2001 by SINTEF.
The Participants of the Project are (December 2016):
- Statoil
- Aker BP ASA
- Safetec Nordic A/S
- Total E&P Norge AS
- Lloyd's Register Consulting
- Shell Global Solutions International
- DNV GL AS
- Lilleaker Consulting a.s.
- Eni Norge AS
- ConocoPhillips Norge
- Acona Flow Technology AS
- Proactima
- Maersk Drilling
- Akvaplan-niva as
Blowout descriptions in the database
The database contains 51 different fields describing each blowout/well release. In addition, the database allows for attachment of any electronic file(s) to the blowout description. The various fields are grouped in six different groups:
- Category and location
- Well description
- Present operation
- Blowout causes
- Blowout characteristics
- Other
Category and location
Includes information related to the incident category (blowout vs. well leak), offshore installation such as location, operator, installation name and type, and water depth.
Well description
Includes well and casing depths, last casing size, mudweight, bottom hole- and shut in pressure, GOR, formation age and rock type.
Present operation
Includes the operational phase (exploration drilling, development drilling, workover etc.), the operation presently carried out (for example casing running) and the present activity (for example cementing).
Blowout causes
Includes external cause (stating if an external cause contributed to the incident), loss of the primary barrier, loss of the secondary barrier (describing how primary and secondary barriers were lost) and human error. It should be noted that the field regarding human error in general holds low quality information. Human errors are frequently masked. A field named North Sea standards highlights if the development of the blowout could have been avoided if North Sea type equipment had been used (for instance in other parts of the world a blind shear ram is not mandatory in surface BOP stacks).
Blowout characteristics
Twelve fields are included comprising flow path, flow medium, flow rate (low quality), release point, ignition type, time to ignition, lost production (low quality), duration, fatalities, consequence class, material loss and pollution.
Other
In the “other” screen five fields are included: control method, remarks (includes a description of the incident, data quality (includes an evaluation of the source data quality), last revision date and references.
Exposure data
The overall offshore drilling and production exposure data for the US GoM OCS, Norwegian, and UK waters is covered from 1 January 1980. In addition drilling exposure data for the Dutch Continental Shelf, the east Coast of Canada, Australian waters, Danish waters and the US OCS Pacific are included.
Search possibilities and reporting facilities
Almost any type of search may be performed to select specific blowout /well release event types. Search criteria may be established by selecting predefined codes, specific numeric values, specific free text, or any combinations of these. The predefined codes are spelled out to ease understanding.
The database program counts and presents the events satisfying the search criteria. The selected data may be viewed, printed or copied to separate files for further analyses, for example by database or spreadsheet programs.
The exposure data and the blowout data are not linked. Blowout frequencies can therefore not be established directly.
Some definitions
The following main definitions have been applied when classifying the blowouts/well releases in categories and sub-categories.
Blowout: A blowout is an incident where formation fluid flows out of the well or between formation layers after all the predefined technical well barriers or the activation of the same have failed.
Well release: The reported incident is a well release if oil or gas flowed from the well from some point were flow was not intended and the flow was stopped by use of the barrier system that was available on the well at the time the incident started.
Shallow gas: Any gas zone penetrated before the BOP has been installed. Any zone penetrated after the BOP is installed is not shallow gas (typical Norwegian definition of shallow gas).
Category and Sub-category
The categories and subcategories applied when classifying the incidents in the SINTEF Offshore Blowout Database are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Main categories and subcategories for the incidents in the SINTEF Offshore Blowout Database
| Main | Category | Sub category | Comments/Example |
| Blowout and well release | Surface blowout | Totally uncontrolled flow, from a deep zone | Totally uncontrolled incidents with surface/subsea flow. |
| Totally uncontrolled flow, from a shallow zone | Typical the diverter system fails | ||
| Shallow gas "controlled" subsea release only | Typical incident is that riserless drilling is performed when the well starts to flow. The rig is pulled away | ||
| Underground blowout | Underground flow only | ||
| Underground flow mainly, limited surface flow | The limited surface flow will be incidents were a minor flow has appeared, but typical the BOP has been activated to shut the surface flow | ||
| Well release | Limited surface flow before the secondary barrier was activated | Typical incident will be that flow is through the drillpipe and the shear ram is activated | |
| Tubing blown out of well, then the secondary barrier is activated | Typical incident occurring during completion or workover. Shear ram is used to close the well after the tubing has been blown out of the well. | ||
| Diverted well release | Shallow gas controlled flow (diverted) | All incidents were the diverter system functioned as intended. | |
| Unknown | Unknown | Unknown may be selected for both the category and the subcategory |
Scope of data
Totally the database includes 642 offshore blowouts worldwide (December 2016). Data from the US Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf (US GoM OCS), Norwegian and UK waters are in general better documented than blowouts from other regions.
From 1 January 1980 through 31 December 2014, a total of 292 blowouts/well releases from the US GoM OCS and the North Sea were consolidated in the database. Table 2 shows an overview of blowouts occurrence by operational phase.
Table 2. Number of blowouts experienced during different operational phases.
| AREA | Dev. drlg | Expl. drlg | Unk. drlg | Comp-letion | Work-over | Production | Wire-line | Aband-oned well | Un-known |
Total |
|
| External cause* | No ext. cause* | ||||||||||
| US GoM OCS | 58 | 59 | 1 | 14 | 46 | 14 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 208 | |
| 27.9% | 28.4% | 0.5% | 6.7% | 22.1% | 6.7% | 5.3% | 2.9% | 1.0% | 0.0% | ||
| UK, and Norwegian waters | 11 | 33 | 1 | 7 | 14 | 1 | 5 | 10 | 2 | 84 | |
| 13.1% | 39.3% | 1.2% | 8.3% | 16.7% | 1.2% | 6.0% | 11.9% | 2.4% | 0.0% | ||
Total |
69 | 92 | 2 | 21 | 60 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 4 | 0 | 292 |
| 23.6% | 31.5% | 0.7% | 7.2% | 20.5% | 5.1% | 5.5% | 5.5% | 1.4% | 0.0% | ||
* External causes are typical; storm, military activity, ship collision, fire and earthquake.
Access to the database and reports
The database and annual report are confidential and only accessible for the project sponsors. The SINTEF Offshore Blowout Database is open to new participants. Some statistics from the database are presented in the following references:
Holand, Per:
"Offshore Blowouts Causes and Trends" Doctoral Dissertation, Norwegian Institute of Technology, Department of Production and Quality Engineering, Trondheim, Norway, March 1996
Holand, Per:
"Experienced Offshore Blowout Risk" presented at the IADC 1996 Well Control Conference of the Americas, Rio de Janeiro 31. July - 2. August 1996.
Holand, Per:
"Offshore Blowouts Causes and Control", Gulf Publishing Company, Houston Texas, 1997
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